The Federal Financial Institutions Examination Council (FFIEC) has issued updated guidance for examiners, financial institutions and technology service providers on the risks and risk-management practices applicable to financial institutions’ retail payment systems activities. The guidance, which is included in the FFIEC Information Technology Examination Handbook, is an update to the “Retail Payment Systems Booklet” (Booklet), which was issued in March 2004.
The revised Booklet provides risk identification and management guidance related to the operational impact of The Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act of 2004 (commonly known as the Check 21 Act). It also provides expanded guidance on merchant card processing and automated clearinghouse (ACH) activities, with a more in-depth discussion of the risks posed by these activities and some of the risk-management tools financial institutions can use to mitigate them. There are also brief discussions addressing some of the emerging technologies in retail payment systems, including contactless payment cards, biometrics and proximity payments. The Booklet includes information on remotely created checks and electronically created payment orders, both of which are being used more frequently as payment devices in today’s rapidly evolving payments landscape.
Lastly, the Booklet addresses remote deposit capture activities and provides examination work steps for use in conjunction with the January 14, 2009, FFIEC guidance on “Risk Management of Remote Deposit Capture” (SR letter 09-2).
The Federal Reserve Banks has completed the reduction in paper check processing infrastructure that was begun in late 2003. With the discontinuation of paper check processing at the Atlanta office on Friday, Feb. 26, 2010, all paper check processing is now handled at the Cleveland office. The Atlanta office serves as the Reserve Banks’ processing location for electronic check processing.
“The movement to a single paper check processing site is recognition of the industry’s success in moving to more efficient electronic solutions for clearing checks,” said Patrick K. Barron, first vice president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and Retail Payments Office director. “The changes we have implemented to our paper check infrastructure position us well to continue to meet the needs of the nation’s payments system. At the same time, they have been difficult for our organization as we have been required to reduce our staff.”
Since late 2003, the Reserve Banks have reduced the number of locations where paper checks are processed from 45 offices to a single site in Cleveland. These changes were made in response to the significant rate of adoption of Check 21-enabled services as well as the shift away from the use of paper checks and toward the much greater use of electronic payments.
The implementation of the Check Clearing for the 21st Century Act in October, 2004, significantly reduced the number of check items collected in paper form throughout the industry. At the time Check 21 went into effect, 100 percent of the items processed by the Reserve Banks were in paper form. Today, almost 99 percent are processed as images. As one of the nation’s largest inter-bank processors of electronic check transactions, the Federal Reserve will continue to play an important role in the evolution of the nation’s payments system.
The Federal Reserve Board has proposed a rule amending Regulation Z (Truth in Lending) to protect credit card users from unreasonable late payment and other penalty fees and to require credit card issuers to reconsider increases in interest rates.
Among other things, the proposed rule would:
- Prohibit credit card issuers from charging penalty fees (including late payment fees and fees for exceeding the credit limit) that exceed the dollar amount associated with the consumer’s violation of the account terms. For example, card issuers would no longer be permitted to charge a $39 fee when a consumer is late making a $20 minimum payment. Instead, the fee could not exceed $20.
- Ban inactivity fees, such as fees based on the consumer’s failure to use the account to make new purchases.
- Prevent issuers from charging multiple penalty fees based on a single late payment or other violation of the account terms.
- Require credit card issuers to inform consumers of the reasons for increases in rates.
- Require issuers that have increased rates since January 1, 2009, to evaluate whether the reasons for the increase have changed and, if appropriate, to reduce the rate.
The proposed rule represents the third stage of the Federal Reserve’s implementation of the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009 (Credit Card Act), which was enacted in May 2009. The provisions of the Credit Card Act addressed in this proposal will go into effect on August 22, 2010. In July 2009, the Board issued a rule implementing the provisions of the Credit Card Act that went into effect on August 20, 2009. In January 2010, the Board issued a rule to implement the provisions of the Credit Card Act that went into effect on February 22, 2010.
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The Federal Reserve Board launched a new interactive website to help consumers better understand the new credit card protections that will took effect on February 22. These rules ban several harmful practices and require greater transparency in the disclosure of the terms and conditions of credit card accounts.
The site, which can be found at www.federalreserve.gov/creditcard, summarizes the main provisions of the rules and explains how they will affect credit card users. Two interactive features will allow consumers to learn more about the terms and fees of credit card offers and about the new features of their monthly statements.
Information about recent changes in credit card rules forms the core of the site, but basic facts about common credit card options, interest rates, and fees are also provided. Consumers will find a glossary of common credit card terms for quick reference. A list of federal credit protection laws provides a basic guide for those who want to learn more about their rights.
The site also provides information about common credit card problems–such as lost or stolen cards–and links to resources for consumers who are experiencing problems with their accounts.
Some of the material on the site, such as the “5-Tips” publications, is available in Spanish. The Board will continue to build the site during the coming months to include additional credit card information, features, and Spanish translations.
The web address for the Federal Reserve’s guide to credit cards will appear on the solicitations consumers receive from credit card issuers.
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The federal financial regulatory agencies and the Conference of State Bank Supervisors (the regulators) issued a statement today on prudent lending to creditworthy small business borrowers. The regulators recognize that small businesses play an important role in the economy and know that some are experiencing difficulty in obtaining or renewing credit.
The statement emphasizes that financial institutions that engage in prudent small business lending after performing a comprehensive review of a borrower’s financial condition will not be subject to supervisory criticism for small business loans made on that basis. Financial institutions should understand the long-term viability of the borrower’s business and focus on the strength of a borrowers’ business plan to manage risk rather than using portfolio management models that rely primarily on general inputs, such as a borrower’s geographic location or industry.
The regulators are working with the industry and supervisory staff to ensure that supervisory policies and actions do not inadvertently curtail the availability of credit to sound small business borrowers.
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The Federal Reserve Board has approved amendments to Appendix A of Regulation CC that reflect the restructuring of the Federal Reserve Banks’ check-processing operations.
Appendix A provides a routing symbol guide that helps depository institutions determine the maximum permissible hold periods for most deposited checks.
On February 27, 2010, the Reserve Banks will transfer the check-processing operations of the head office of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta to the head office of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. To ensure that the information in Appendix A accurately describes the structure of check-processing operations within the Federal Reserve System, the final rule deletes the reference in Appendix A to the Atlanta head office and reassigns the routing numbers listed thereunder to the Cleveland head office.
To coincide with the effective date of the underlying check processing changes, the amendments are effective February 27, 2010. At that time, there will only be a single check-processing region for purposes of Regulation CC and there will no longer be any checks that are nonlocal.
Funds availability is discussed in-depth in The Gold Book.
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The Federal Reserve has launched a website to help new bank directors learn how they can work to ensure the safety and soundness of their institutions. The website, BankDirectorsDesktop.org, also provides a refresher course for experienced board members.
BankDirectorsDesktop.org is tailored to directors of community banks and features online training and other resources to help directors better understand the issues and challenges associated with serving on a bank’s board.
The website includes links to the “Training for Bank Directors” interactive course and the latest edition of Basics for Bank Directors, a comprehensive guide to directors’ roles and responsibilities.
The Federal Reserve on Monday announced the availability of Electronic Applications, or “E-Apps,” a new Internet-based system for financial institutions to submit regulatory filings. E-Apps allows firms and their representatives to file applications online, eliminating the time and expense of printing, copying, and mailing the documents. Registered users can access the system at any time to upload additional documents or create new filings. There are no fees for using E-Apps.
E-Apps has been designed to ensure the confidentiality of the data and the identity of individual filers. Institutions ready to start using E-Apps can find sign up forms at http://www.federalreserve.gov/bankinforeg/eappssignup.htm.
The Federal Reserve Banks have announced plans to conduct another series of studies to determine the current volume and composition of check and electronic payments in the United States. These studies will build on information gained from similar studies conducted by the Reserve Banks in 2001, 2004 and 2007.
The 2010 Federal Reserve Payments Study consists of three research efforts commissioned to estimate the annual number, dollar value and composition of retail noncash payments in the United States. Together, the studies will provide aggregate estimates and current trends in the use of noncash payment instruments by U.S. consumers and businesses.
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Beginning January 1, 2010, the income and filing requirements for rollovers (including conversions) to a Roth IRA were eliminated. Additionally, for rollovers to a Roth IRA in 2010 only, a special 2-year option for reporting taxable portions of a rollover is available to taxpayers.
Previously, taxpayers were permitted to roll over (convert) a traditional IRA, SEP-IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and an eligible rollover distribution from an employer’s retirement plan (other than from a designated Roth account) to a Roth IRA only if the following requirements were met:
- AGI for Roth IRA purposes was $100,000 or less; and
- tax filing status was not married, filing separate.
Under the new rules for 2010, regardless of income or filing status, individuals may roll over (convert) the following to a Roth IRA:
- a traditional IRA, SEP-IRA or SIMPLE IRA;
- an eligible rollover distribution from a 401(k), 403(b) (or similar plan, as permitted);
- an eligible rollover distribution to a beneficiary from a retirement plan.
For rollovers and conversions to a Roth IRA in 2010 only, taxpayers have the option of reporting all of the taxable portion of the rollover in 2010, or reporting half in 2011 and half in 2012.
Additional information about Roth IRA Conversions and Rollovers, Qualified Rollovers and the Taxation of Roth IRA conversions may be found in The Gold Book.
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